Reflection tomography by depth warping: a case study across the Java trench

Abstract. Accurate subsurface velocity models are crucial for geological interpretations based on seismic depth images. Seismic reflection tomography is an effective iterative method to update and refine a preliminary model imaging. Based residual move-out analysis of reflectors in common image point gathers, the estimated by ray-based tomography. To stabilize tomography, several preconditioning strategies exist. Most critical estimation error account reflector gathers. Because errors many closely spaced gathers must be picked, manual picking extremely time-consuming, human biased, not reproducible. Data-driven algorithms coherence or semblance widely used hyperbolic linear events. However, complex-shaped events, purely data-driven difficult. overcome this, warping named non-rigid matching estimate displacement field. Warping used, example, merge photographic images match two from time-lapse data. By gather against its duplicate that has been shifted one offset position, locally smooth-shaped field calculated each data sample matching. Depending complexity subsurface, tracking through along predefined horizons simple regular grid yields discrete values The application multi-channel line across Sunda subduction zone offshore Lombok island, Indonesia, illustrates approach documents advantages detailed structure complex tectonic regime. incorporating scheme into we demonstrate increase resolution precision improving accuracy picks with arbitrary shapes. This offers possibility use full capacities further leads more accurate structures.